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In India’s maritime history, there have been four aircraft carriers. While the first three came from the UK and Russia, the fourth, INS Vikrant (IAC-1) was designed and built in India, marking a significant milestone in the country’s commitment to aatmanirbharta. India’s defense manufacturing capabilities have progressed significantly in recent years; one could say there has been a sea change in the nation’s abilities. And it is thanks to this progress that in September 2022, India commissioned the first indigenously designed and built aircraft carrier, Indian Naval Ship (INS) Vikrant. With INS Vikrant, India joined the league of capable of making huge aircraft carriers, only behind the United States, the United Kingdom, Italy, France, China and Russia. INS Vikrant being launched on 22 September 1945 as Hercules. However, its construction was stalled and was completed when India purchased it from Britain in 1957.In the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War, INS Vikrant played a stellar role despite many doubts that were raised about its seaworthiness ahead of the battle. INS Viraat was originally commissioned by the British Royal Navy as HMS Hermes on 18 November 1959. She served as the flagship of the Royal Navy’s task force during the Falklands War in 1982. She was decommissioned in 1985. Hermes was thereafter towed from Portsmouth Dockyard to Devonport Dockyard to be refitted and sold to India for $465 million. The aircraft carrier was then commissioned into the Indian Navy on 12 May 1987.In November 2013, the INS Vikramaditya, Russia’s refurbished Admiral Gorshkov, was commissioned into the Indian Navy. Launched in the early 1980s, the carrier, which was originally named as Baku, served the Soviet Navy from 1987 to 1991. The vessel was decommissioned in 1996, after spending four years with the Russian Navy as a carrier named as Admiral Gorshkov. Since then, the government of India had started negotiations with Russia to acquire Admiral Gorshkov. In June 2016, INS Vikramaditya reportedly met with an accident while undergoing a scheduled major refit at Karwar naval base. A sailor and a civilian worker was killed due to a toxic gas leak that happened during maintenance work in the Sewage Treatment Plant compartment of the warship.
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